i̯eu-2, i̯eu̯ǝ-, i̯eu̯-g-

    i̯eu-2, i̯eu̯ǝ-, i̯eu̯-g-

    English meaning: to tie together, yoke

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “verbinden”

    Note: probably as 1. i̯eu- “vermengen” from “in Bewegung place” evolved; s. also i̯eu-dhand i̯eu-ni-.

    Material: O.Ind. yáuti, yuváti “bindet an, schirrt an” (also “ mixed “), participle yutá-, yū̆ tí - f. “connection” (and “Mischung”), ni-yút- f. “row, Gespann”, yūthá - m. “ association, troop, multitude, crowd”, yōtra- n. “rope, band”, yūna- n. “band, strap, cord”, avayava- m. “limb, member, part”; Av. yav- ‘sich wherewith beschäftigen” (present yavayeiti, Inf. yūtō, yūta), yaona- n. “Beschäftigung”, yav- (yu-) adj. “ holding, stehend to jemanden” = O.Ind. yú- “ journeyman, fellow “ (see Bartholomae AIran. Wb. 1264 f., where also about yáv- “duration”); Ltv. pl. jũtis “joint (*connection), Scheideweg”, Lith. jáutis m. “ox” (“*the vor den cart gespannte, jūmentum”; Balt heavy root); here also Ltv. jumis “Doppelfrucht, Felddämon”, jùmt “(roof) cover” (Mũhlenbach-Endzelin II 177ff.). Fraglich Arm. yaud “connection” because of vocalism (Iran. Lw.?). Perhaps here Lat. juvüre “ support, help; ergötzen”; probably with O.Ind. yu-yṓ -ti “hält fern, separates from, bewahrt vor, wehrt; hält sich fern, wird apart, separated”, ví-yavanta “abwehrend” to a eigenen family zusammenzuschließen, with the as g-derivative also O.E. géoc “help, consolation, certainty “, géocian “preserve, protect, retten” compatible is; see under i̯eu-4. Specht (KZ. 65, 207 f., 68, 52 ff.) places juvüre to O.Ind. ávati, whereat above S. 77; against it M. Leumann Gl. 29, 173 f. i̯u-go-m “Joch”: O.Ind. yugá- n. “Joch; pair” (also “gender, sex, Generation”) = Gk. ζυγόν “Joch” = Maybe Alb. zgjedhë “ox yoke, slavery”, zgjidh “untie” contaminated by Alb. lith “tie” and gjedh “cattle” Lat. jugum ds. (see also WH. I 728 f. about Umbr. Iguvium) = Goth. asächs. juk n., O.E. geoc, O.N. ok “Joch”, O.H.G. juch, joch “Joch; also so viel Land, as man with a Ochsengespann an a Tage pflũgen kann”; Lith. (with n after jùngiu) jùngas “Joch”; O.C.S. igo (gen. iga) “Joch” (es-stem), Cz. jho ds. (Slav. *jьgo from *jъ́go, see also Berneker 421 f.; in addition aRuss. оbьžа “ein Landmaß; so viel, as ein Mann with a Pferde pflũgt” from *ob-jъgjü, nowadays obža and obga- d. j. *ob-jъga- “Deichselarme of Hakenpflugs”; Church Slavic pl. ižesa, Sloven. gen. ižê sa with results of IE stem *i̯eugos-, see under); Welsh iau f., O.Welsh iou, O.Corn. ieu, Bret. ieo, geo “Joch”, kazelyé, kazelgé “Knechtschaft” = M.Welsh kesseyl-yeu “axillary yoke” (Loth RC 40, 153 f.); Gaul. PN Veriugo- dumnus; see also Pedersen KG. I 98; Thurneysen IA. 26, 26 zweifelt an the affiliation of Ir. and Urverwandtschaft of Brit. words; doubtful is also die Beurteilung from Ir. cuing “Joch”; after Hessen ZceltPh. 9, 39 maybe from *uing (*i̯ungis) through influence the preposition com-; dazuM.Welsh kyn-iwng “ association “ (Loth RC 38, 160); Arm. luc “Joch” zeugt not for originally anlaut li̯- the root; influence of lucanem ‘spanne from”; Hitt. i-ú-ga-an (yugan) “Joch”; Toch. A yokäm f. “door, gate” (O.Ind. Lw.?). without geschichtlichen connection untereinander are O.Ind. yugalá- n. “pair”, Lat. jugulum (Dimin.) “Jochbein, Schlũsselbein”, jugulae ‘sterngũrtel of Orion”, and Gk. ζεύγλη ‘schlingeim Joch”; with Hitt. yugas “annual”, düyugas “ biennial “ compare Lith. dveigỹs “ biennial “ (treigỹs “dreijährig”, etc.), above S. 229, 230. i̯eu-gos- es-stem: Gk. τὸ ζεῦγος “Gespann”, pl. ζεύγεα = Lat. jūgera (*i̯ougesa), wherefore ein neuer sg. jūgerum “ein morning Landes” = M.H.G. jiuch n. “ morning Landes”, compare also above Church Slavic ižesa, further perhaps (das certainly late) ἀζυγής “unverbunden, unvermählt”, as well as Lat. iouxmenta, iūmentum (see S. 510); zero grade (as ἀζυγής, das but from ζυγόν from neologism sein kann) probably Goth. jukuzi f. “Joch, Knechtschaft”, compared with O.E. gycer “Joch” (*jukizi-), with u the 2. syllable through assimilation? Verbalstamm i̯eu-g-: O.Ind. yunákti (3. pl. yuñjánti = Lat. jungunt), yuñjati ‘schirrt an, spannt an, connects”, compare full grade yōjayati (*jeugei̯eti) “fũgt together”; Av. yaoj-, yuj- “anspannen, anschirren; wherewith vertraut make, a thing teilhaftig machen”; Gk. ζεύγνῡμι ‘schirre an, verbinde”, ζεῦξαι ζυγῆναι; Lat. jungō, -ere, -nxi, -nctus “ connect “; full grade O.H.G. untar-jauhta ‘subjugavi”; Lith. jùngiu, jùngti “ connect, ins Joch spannen”; participle O.Ind. yuktá-, Av. yuxta-, with dem präs. -n- Lat. junctus, O.E. geoht, iukt n. “Joch”, Lith. jùngtas, with the (as in present from ζεῦξαι, ζευκτήρ etc. stammenden) lengthened grade ζευκτός; root nouns i̯ug- in: O.Ind. yúj- “ fellow, comrade; geschirrt, bespannt with”, ayúj- “ without Genossen, not in pairs, by pairs” = Gk. ἄζυξ “not gejocht”, σύζυξ “zusammengekoppelt, vereint”, Lat. conjux “ husband, wife”; superl. *i̯ugistos in Lat. juxtü “dense besides” (*jugistü, scil. viü “auf dem nächst verbindenden Wege”); in den starken KO.S. analogisches O.Ind. yúñj-, Lat. conjunx. Additional derivatives in: O.Ind. уṓgа- m. “das Anschirren, connection”; уṓgya- m. “ draft animal “, compare O.N. eykr “ draft animal, horse” (Gmc. *jaukiz, compare also Kaus. *jaukian “anschirren” assumed through O.N. eykt f. “Arbeitszeit between den Mahlzeiten” from *jaukiÞō) = Lat. jūgis “perpetual; beständig flowing “ (besides iūges, -ĕtis “angespannt”); O.Ind. yṓ jana- n. “ein Wegmaß”, Av. yujasti- f. ds.; O.Ind. yukti- f. “das Anschirren”, Gk. ζεῦξις “das Anschirren, Verbinden”, Lat. juncti-m, juncti-ō, compare of es-stem Av. yaōxšti- “Fertigkeit, ability, capacity, adroitness “; O.Ind. yōktá r- “Anschirrer”, yṓ ktra- n. ‘strang, Gurt”, Av. yaōxǝδra- n. “kriegerische Anspannung, Unternehmung, attack”, Gk. ζευκτῆρες “Jochriemen”, Lat. junctor, junctūra; O.Ind. yugmán- “gepaart”, Gk. ζεῦγμa “Zusammenjochung, Joch”, Lat. jug(u)mentum “Pfosten, crossbar, crossbeam”, due to of es-stem in addition aLat. iouxmenta, klass. iūmentum “Gespann”. Perhaps with i̯eu̯- related are also die Sippen i̯eu̯(e)s- “ statute “ as “Verbindlichkeit, bond, Fug” and i̯ōs- “gũrten” as *i̯ōs-.

    [u]References: WP. I 201 f., WH. I 261, 726 ff., Trautmann 109 f., Kuiper Nasalpräs. 70 ff., 109, Renou BAL.-SLAV. 41, 18 ff.